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Performance of a bi-layer solar steam generation system working at a high-temperature of top surface

Jinxin ZHONG, Congliang HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0725-4

摘要： Many efforts have been focused on enhancing the vapor generation in bi-layer solar steam generation systems for obtaining as much pure water as possible. However, the methods to enhance the vapor temperature is seldom studied although the high-temperature vapor has a wide use in medical sterilization and electricity generation. In this work, to probe the high-temperature vapor system, an improved macroscopic heat and mass transfer model was proposed. Then, using the finite element method to solve the model, the influences of some main factors on the evaporation efficiency and vapor temperature were discussed, including effects of the vapor transport conditions and the heat dissipation conditions. The results show that the high-temperature vapor could not be obtained by enhancing the heat-insulating property of the bi-layer systems but by applying the optimal porosity and proper absorbers. This paper is expected to provide some information for designing a bi-layered system to produce high-temperature vapor.

关键词： solar steam generation     solar energy     numerical method     porous material    

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Dynamic behavior of superheated steam and ways of control

LI Xu

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0014-5

摘要： A simple way of calculating the dynamic behavior of a superheater is presented. A comparison of the measured data with the calculated result verifies the accuracy of this simple method. It is the first time that a phase compensation for real roots, i.e., the twin lead/lag loop which is facile for engineering applications, is used in superheated steam temperature control. Numerous simulation results show that both the response time lapse and maximal dynamic deviation are greatly reduced. Moreover, a formula to calculate the setting parameters is presented, together with a practical example of its engineering application in superheated steam temperature control with single-stage attemperation in a power plant boiler. This method can remarkably improve the control performance of superheated steam temperature and makes it possible for one stage attemperation to be sufficient for the superheater of power plant boilers, thus simplifying the superheater system and reducing investment. Because the control performance is remarkably raised, the set values of the steam temperature control system can be raised above rated values and also the operational economy, without impairing the operation safety.

关键词： engineering     investment     Numerous simulation     lead/lag     temperature    

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Industrial-scale investigations on effects of tertiary-air declination angle on combustion and steamtemperature characteristics in a 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler

Xiaoguang LI, Lingyan ZENG, Hongye LIU, Yao LI, Yifu LI, Yunlong ZHAO, Bo JIAO, Minhang SONG, Shaofeng ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN, Zhengqi LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 132-142 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0803-z

摘要： Industrial-scale experiments were conducted to study the effects of tertiary air declination angle (TDA) on the coal combustion and steam temperature characteristics in the first 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler in China with the multiple-injection and multiple-staging combustion (MIMSC) technology at medium and high loads. The experimental results indicated that as the TDA increased from 0° to 15°, the overall gas temperature in the lower furnace rose and the symmetry of temperature field was enhanced. The ignition distance of the fuel-rich coal/air flow decreased. In near-burner region, the concentration of O decreased while the concentrations of CO and NO increased. The concentration of NO decreased in near-tertiary-air region. The carbon in fly ash decreased significantly from 8.40% to 6.45% at a load of 260 MW. At a TDA of 15°, the ignition distances were the shortest (2.07 m and 1.73 m) at a load of 210 MW and 260 MW, respectively. The main and reheat steam temperatures were the highest (557.2°C and 559.4°C at a load of 210 MW, 558.4°C and 560.3°C at a load of 260 MW). The carbon in fly ash was the lowest (4.83%) at a load of 210 MW. On changing the TDA from 15° to 25°, the flame kernel was found to move downward and the main and reheat steam temperatures dropped obviously. The change of TDA has little effect on NO emissions(660–681 mg/m at 6% O ). In comprehensive consideration of the pulverized coal combustion characteristics and the unit economic performance, an optimal TDA of 15° is recommended.

关键词： supercritical down-fired boiler     industrial-scale experiment     tertiary air declination angle     coal combustion     steam temperature    

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中国高温气冷堆制氢发展战略研究

张平,徐景明,石磊,张作义

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第1期   页码 20-28 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.004

摘要：

核能制氢是一种有应用前景的高效、大规模、无排放的制氢技术，有望在氢气大规模集中供应的场景中起到重要作用。高温气冷堆是最适于核能制氢的堆型，在我国已有几十年的研发基础，目前正在国家科技重大专项支持下建造高温气冷堆示范电站。本文介绍了核能制氢技术的特点和主流的核能制氢工艺包括热化学碘硫循环、混合硫循环和高温蒸汽电解的原理，对国际上核能制氢技术发展现状进行了简要综述，并概述了清华大学在该领域的研发现状。此外对核能制氢的安全性、技术经济评价等问题进行了讨论，在此基础上对与高温气冷堆耦合的制氢技术进行了评价，并以氢气直接还原炼铁为例探讨了高温气冷堆制氢在工业领域的应用前景。最后对我国高温气冷堆制氢技术的发展路线进行了探讨。

关键词： 高温气冷堆     能制氢     热化学循环     高温电解     技术路线    

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Modelling the dynamic response of a solid oxide steam electrolyser to transient inputs during renewable

Qiong CAI, Nigel P. BRANDON, Claire S. ADJIMAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 211-222 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0037-6

摘要： Hydrogen is regarded as a leading candidate for alternative future fuels. Solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC) may provide a cost-effective and green route to hydrogen production especially when coupled to a source of renewable electrical energy. Developing an understanding of the response of the SOEC stack to transient events that may occur during its operation with intermittent electricity input is essential before the realisation of this technology. In this paper, a one-dimensional (1D) dynamic model of a planar SOEC stack has been employed to study the dynamic behaviour of such an SOEC and the prospect for stack temperature control through variation of the air flow rate. Step changes in the average current density from 1.0 to 0.75, 0.5 and 0.2 A/cm have been imposed on the stacks, replicating the situation in which changes in the supply of input electrical energy are experienced, or the sudden switch-off of the stack. Such simulations have been performed both for open-loop and closed-loop cases. The stack temperature and cell voltage are decreased by step changes in the average current density. Without temperature control via variation of the air flow rate, a sudden fall of the temperature and the cell potential occurs during all the step changes in average current density. The temperature excursions between the initial and final steady states are observed to be reduced by the manipulation of the air flow rate. Provided that the change in the average current density does not result in a transition from exothermic to endothermic operation of the SOEC, the use of the air flow rate to maintain a constant steady-state temperature is found to be successful.

关键词： hydrogen production     renewable energy     solid oxide electrolyser cell     1D dynamic model     dynamic behaviour     temperature control    

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Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 193-203 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0608-0

摘要： Recently the porous bilayer wood solar collectors have drawn increasing attention because of their potential application in solar desalination. In this paper, a thermodynamic model has been developed to analyze the performance of the wood solar collector. A modeling analysis has also been conducted to assess the performance and operating conditions of the multiple effect desalination (MED) system integrated with the porous wood solar collector. Specifically, the effects of operating parameters, such as the motive steam temperature, seawater flow rate, input solar energy and number of effects on the energy consumption for each ton of distilled water produced have been investigated in the MED desalination system combined with the bilayer wood solar steam generator. It is found that, under a given operating condition, there exists an optimum steam generation temperature of around 145°C in the wood solar collector, so that the specific power consumption in the MED system reaches a minimum value of 24.88 kWh/t. The average temperature difference is significantly affected by the solar heating capacity. With the solar capacity increasing from 50 kW to 230 kW, the average temperature difference increases from 1.88°C to 6.27°C. This parametric simulation study will help the design of efficient bilayer wood solar steam generator as well as the MED desalination system.

关键词： solar energy     steam generating     multi-effect desalination    

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Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 415-426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1725-8

摘要： Catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles was carried out using a self-made laboratory reactor to determine the intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion under varying pressures (0.1–0.5 MPa) and superficial gas flow velocities (GFVs) of 13.8–68.8 cm?s . In order to estimate the gas release rate at a low GFV, the transported effect of effluent gas on the temporal gasification rate pattern was simulated by the Fluent computation and verified experimentally. The external mass transfer coefficients ( ) and the effectiveness factors were determined at lower GFVs, based on the intrinsic gasification rate obtained at a high GFV of 55.0 cm?s . The was found to be almost invariable in a wider carbon conversion of 0.2–0.7. The variations of at a median carbon conversion with GFV, temperature and pressure were found to follow a modified Chilton-Colburn correlation: (0.04< <0.19), where is total pressure and is atmospheric pressure. An intrinsic kinetics/external diffusion integrating model could well describe the gasification rate as a function of GFV, temperature and pressure over a whole gasification process.

关键词： coal char     catalytic steam gasification     pressure     kinetics     diffusion    

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Performance evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction steam

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 321-335 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0741-4

摘要： An advanced cogeneration system based on biomass direct combustion was developed and its feasibility was demonstrated. In place of the traditional single heat source (extraction steam), the extraction steam from the turbine, the cooling water from the plant condenser, and the low-pressure feedwater from the feedwater preheating system were collectively used for producing district heat in the new scheme. Hence, a remarkable energy-saving effect could be achieved, improving the overall efficiency of the cogeneration system. The thermodynamic and economic performance of the novel system was examined when taking a 35 MW biomass-fired cogeneration unit for case study. Once the biomass feed rate and net thermal production remain constant, an increment of 1.36 MW can be expected in the net electric production, because of the recommended upgrading. Consequently, the total system efficiency and effective electrical efficiency augmented by 1.23 and 1.50 percentage points. The inherent mechanism of performance enhancement was investigated from the energy and exergy aspects. The economic study indicates that the dynamic payback period of the retrofitting project is merely 1.20 years, with a net present value of 5796.0 k$. In conclusion, the proposed concept is validated to be advantageous and profitable.

关键词： biomass-fired cogeneration     district heat production system     absorption heat pump     extraction steam     cooling water     low-pressure feedwater    

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High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0741-z

摘要： Many heat transfer tubes are distributed on the tube plates of a steam generator that requires periodic inspection by robots. Existing inspection robots are usually involved in issues: Robots with manipulators need complicated installation due to their fixed base; tube mobile robots suffer from low running efficiency because of their structural restricts. Since there are thousands of tubes to be checked, task planning is essential to guarantee the precise, orderly, and efficient inspection process. Most in-service robots check the task tubes using row-by-row and column-by-column planning. This leads to unnecessary inspections, resulting in a long shutdown and affecting the regular operation of a nuclear power plant. Therefore, this paper introduces the structure and control system of a dexterous robot and proposes a task planning method. This method proceeds into three steps: task allocation, base position search, and sequence planning. To allocate the task regions, this method calculates the tool work matrix and proposes a criterion to evaluate a sub-region. And then all tasks contained in the sub-region are considered globally to search the base positions. Lastly, we apply an improved ant colony algorithm for base sequence planning and determine the inspection orders according to the planned path. We validated the optimized algorithm by conducting task planning experiments using our robot on a tube sheet. The results show that the proposed method can accomplish full task coverage with few repetitive or redundant inspections and it increases the efficiency by 33.31% compared to the traditional planning algorithms.

关键词： steam generator transfer tubes     mobile robot     dexterous structure     task planning     efficient inspection    

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A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Gang XIAO, Baosheng JIN, Mingjiang NI, Kefa CEN, Yong CHI, Zhongxin TAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 193-204 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0268-0

摘要： Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm ) , which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MSW and the fly ash percentage in the total ash.

关键词： municipal solid waste (MSW)     steam drying     gasification and melting    

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Impacts of solar multiple on the performance of direct steam generation solar power tower plant with

Yan LUO, Xiaoze DU, Lijun YANG, Chao XU, Muhammad AMJAD

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0503-5

摘要： Solar multiple (SM) and thermal storage capacity are two key design parameters for revealing the performance of direct steam generation (DSG) solar power tower plant. In the case of settled land area, SM and thermal storage capacity can be optimized to obtain the minimum levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by adjusting the power generation output. Taking the dual-receiver DSG solar power tower plant with a given size of solar field equivalent electricity of 100 MW in Sevilla as a reference case, the minimum LCOE is 21.77 ￠/kWh with an SM of 1.7 and a thermal storage capacity of 3 h. Besides Sevilla, two other sites are also introduced to discuss the influence of annual DNI. When compared with the case of Sevilla, the minimum LCOE and optimal SM of the San Jose site change just slightly, while the minimum LCOE of the Bishop site decreases by 32.8% and the optimal SM is reduced to 1.3. The influence of the size of solar field equivalent electricity is studied as well. The minimum LCOE decreases with the size of solar field, while the optimal SM and thermal storage capacity still remain unchanged. In addition, the sensitivity of different investment in sub-system is investigated. In terms of optimal SM and thermal storage capacity, they can decrease with the cost of thermal storage system but increase with the cost of power generation unit.

关键词： direct steam generation     solar power tower     solar multiple     thermal energy storage capacity     levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)    

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Thermal cracking of waste printed wiring boards for mechanical recycling by using residual steam preprocessing

Yao CHEN, Jinhui LI, Huabo DUAN, Zhishi WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 167-174 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0308-4

摘要： Mechanical waste-processing methods, which combine crushing and separation processes for the recovery of valuable materials, have been widely applied in waste printed wiring board (PWB) treatment. However, both the high impact toughness and the tensile and flexural strengths of whole PWB with a laminated structure result in great energy consumption and severe abrasion of the cutters during multi-level crushing. In addition, the high temperatures occurring in continual crushing probably cause the decomposition of the polymer matrix. A thermal-crack method using residual steam as the heating medium has been developed to pre-treat waste PWBs. This treatment reduces the mechanical strength in order to improve the recovery rate of valuable materials in subsequent mechanical recycling. The changes of the PWBs’ macro-mechanical properties were studied to evaluate thermal expansion impacts associated with changes in temperature, and the dynamic dislocation micro-structures were observed to identify the fracture mechanism. The results showed that thermal cracking with steam at the temperature of 500 K can effectively attenuate the mechanical properties of waste PWBs, by reducing the impact, tensile and flexural strengths respectively, by 59.2%, 49.3% and 51.4%, compared to untreated PWB. Thermal expansion can also facilitate the separation of copper from glass fiber by reducing peel resistance by 95.4% at 500 K. It was revealed that the flexural fracture was a transverse cracking caused by concentrated stress when the heating temperature was less than 500 K, and shifted to a vertical cracking after exceeding 500 K.

关键词： waste printed wiring board (PWB)     residue steam     thermal-crack     mechanical properties    

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Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1582-z

摘要：

● Coupling merits of SEE and ERH were explored by a laboratory-scale device.

关键词： Steam-enhanced extraction     Electrical resistance heating     Dense nonaqueous phase liquid     Soil remediation     Energy consumption    

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Numerical simulation of a new hollow stationary dehumidity blade in last stage of steam turbine

Youmin HOU, Danmei XIE, Wangfan LI, Xinggang YU, Yang SHI, Hanshi QIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 288-296 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0160-z

摘要： As a result of adopting saturation steam and long blade, problems of water erosion of last stage blade for steam turbine become more prominent. In order to improve the operation reliability and efficiency of steam turbine, it is necessary to investigate the nonequilibrium condensing wet steam two phase flow and the dehumidity method. A wet steam model with user defined function based on FLUENT software was investigated to simulate the steam condensing flow in the cascades. The simulation consequences show that the pressure variations in simulation depict a good agreement with the experiment data. On the basis of the discrete phase model simulation results and experiment data, the efficiency of existing dehumidity blade with suction slot was calculated. A new stationary dehumidity blade was designed to elevate the dehumidity efficiency: the efficiency in the suction surface was increased by 21.5%, and that in the pressure surface was increased by 12.2%.

关键词： steam turbine     hollow stationary blade     dehumidity     numerical simulation    

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Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production at atmospheric pressure

Ammaru Ismaila, Xueli Chen, Xin Gao, Xiaolei Fan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 60-71 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1975-0

摘要： Thermodynamic chemical equilibrium analysis of steam reforming of glycerol (SRG) for selective hydrogen production was performed based on the Gibbs free energy minimisation method. The ideal SRG reaction (C H O +3H O→3CO +7H ) and a comprehensive set of side reactions during SRG are considered for the formation of a wide range of products. Specifically, this work focused on the analysis of formation of H CO , CO and CH in the gas phase and determination of the carbon free region in SRG under the conditions at atmospheric pressure, 600€K–1100€K and 1.013 × 10 –1.013 × 10 Pa with the steam-to-glycerol feed ratios (SGFR) of 1:5–10. The reaction conditions which favoured SRG for H production with minimum coke formation were identifies as: atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 900€K–1050€K and SGFR of 10:1. The influence of using the inert carrier gas (i.e., N ) in SRG was studied as well at atmospheric pressure. Although the presence of N in the stream decreased the partial pressure of reactants, it was beneficial to improve the equilibrium yield of H . Under both conditions of SRG (with/without inert gas), the CH production is minimised, and carbon formation was thermodynamically unfavoured at steam rich conditions of SGFR>5:1.

关键词： steam reforming of glycerol     H2     N2     carbon deposition     thermodynamic analysis     Gibbs free energy minimisation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Performance of a bi-layer solar steam generation system working at a high-temperature of top surface

Jinxin ZHONG, Congliang HUANG

期刊论文

Dynamic behavior of superheated steam and ways of control

LI Xu

期刊论文

Industrial-scale investigations on effects of tertiary-air declination angle on combustion and steamtemperature characteristics in a 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler

Xiaoguang LI, Lingyan ZENG, Hongye LIU, Yao LI, Yifu LI, Yunlong ZHAO, Bo JIAO, Minhang SONG, Shaofeng ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN, Zhengqi LI

期刊论文

中国高温气冷堆制氢发展战略研究

张平,徐景明,石磊,张作义

期刊论文

Modelling the dynamic response of a solid oxide steam electrolyser to transient inputs during renewable

Qiong CAI, Nigel P. BRANDON, Claire S. ADJIMAN,

期刊论文

Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

期刊论文

Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

期刊论文

Performance evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction steam

期刊论文

High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam

期刊论文

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Gang XIAO, Baosheng JIN, Mingjiang NI, Kefa CEN, Yong CHI, Zhongxin TAN

期刊论文

Impacts of solar multiple on the performance of direct steam generation solar power tower plant with

Yan LUO, Xiaoze DU, Lijun YANG, Chao XU, Muhammad AMJAD

期刊论文

Thermal cracking of waste printed wiring boards for mechanical recycling by using residual steam preprocessing

Yao CHEN, Jinhui LI, Huabo DUAN, Zhishi WANG

期刊论文

Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of a new hollow stationary dehumidity blade in last stage of steam turbine

Youmin HOU, Danmei XIE, Wangfan LI, Xinggang YU, Yang SHI, Hanshi QIN

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production at atmospheric pressure

Ammaru Ismaila, Xueli Chen, Xin Gao, Xiaolei Fan

期刊论文